Have suggestions for a "roll your own file server"?

Ken D'Ambrosio ken at jots.org
Wed May 26 15:34:24 EDT 2021


On 2021-05-26 12:13, Tom Buskey wrote:

> My Fedora /etc/fstab has spaces
> UUID=54103729-6e0a-4345-a2b8-8b8cded29ee1 /boot                   ext4  
>   defaults        1 2
> 
> I've had clients initiate rsync for security.  I think the client 
> initiation would offload the rsync compute from the server.
> For a home server, it's nice to just monitor the server instead of 
> multiple clients.

I'm not sure which you guys are considering client, and which server.  I 
like to initiate from the thing I'm backing up *to*; that way, if the 
host being backed up is compromised, they won't have direct access to 
the backups, themselves, which, in the days of ransomware, seems like a 
valid concern.  (I'd also lock down the host doing the backups pretty 
tightly.)

$.02,

-Ken

> Nice buiild
> 
> On Wed, May 26, 2021 at 11:00 AM Bruce Labitt 
> <bruce.labitt at myfairpoint.net> wrote:
> 
> Finally back to this.  Built a stack of metal plates that house my 
> RPI4, a boot SSD, a 1TB RAID1 array, and both active and passive USB3 
> hubs.  Machined parts so everything is bolted and clamped down.  Have a 
> PWM fan that cools the RPI4 proportional to load that runs under 
> systemd.  System boots from SSD.  (No SD card.)  It's kind of a brick 
> sh!thouse, but it's sturdy.  Have created the RAID1 device - or it will 
> be finished in 45 minutes.  It is still syncing.
> 
> Now I'd like to add the md0 device to /etc/fstab.  The example I see is 
> with the device name.  From 
> https://www.tecmint.com/create-raid1-in-linux/
> /dev/md0    /mnt/raid1    ext4    defaults    0 0
> 
> I've read it is better to use the UUID.  Is the following the correct 
> syntax?
> 
> PARTUUID=my_complete_md0_UUID  /mnt/raid1    ext4    defaults  0 0
> 
> where my_complete_md0_UUID comes from
> $ lsblk -o UUID /dev/md0
> 
> Does one need to use tabs in fstab, or are spaces ok?
> 
> Once I figure this out - I have to figure out some rsync magic.  Is it 
> better for the server to initiate the rsync, or the remote devices?
> 
> After all this I have to make another one.  That shouldn't take as long 
> as the first time!  For some pictures of the hardware build see 
> https://www.hobby-machinist.com/threads/an-rpi4-based-file-server.92273/#post-846939
> 
> On 3/10/21 8:49 PM, Bruce Labitt wrote:
> I'll take a look at that.  Thanks for the link.
> 
> On Wed, Mar 10, 2021 at 8:15 PM Marc Nozell (marc at nozell.com) 
> <nozell at gmail.com> wrote:
> Just to put a plug in for a colleague's work: 
> https://perfectmediaserver.com/    It covers everything from disk 
> purchasing strategies, burn-in, filesystems (ZFS, SnapRAID, etc).
> 
> He also hosts a podcast that folks here may find interesting: 
> https://selfhosted.show/
> 
> -marc
> 
> On Wed, Mar 10, 2021 at 8:08 PM <jonhall80 at comcast.net> wrote: OK:
> 
> s/RPi4/some-other-cheap-computer-with-USB-3.x>/g
> 
> Unless you build multiple Ethernet or WiFi or LTE modem connections 
> your networking will still be the slowest thing.
> 
> You do not need huge amounts of CPU power, or huge amounts of RAM.
> 
> My basic point is that if you stick with simple RAID (like mirroring) 
> but also set up a unit that is remote from your own home you could 
> protect your own data from fire, flood and theft to a reasonable level 
> and even protect your friend's data by backing up their data to your 
> device.
> 
> Add snapshots as suggested by Tom Buskey,perhaps encryption of file 
> systems and data-streams and you can have a rather simple, server where 
> you learn a lot by planning it out and setting it up rather than buying 
> an "off the shelf" solution or simply using a "web backup".
> 
> And good catch on the USB power supply.
> 
> md
>> On 03/10/2021 6:53 PM Joshua Judson Rosen <rozzin at hackerposse.com> 
>> wrote:
>> 
>> 
>> I'm not sure about the Raspberry Pi 4, but up thru the raspi 3+ there 
>> are... problems, e.g.:
>> 
>> Beware of USB on the raspi: there are some bugs in the silicon that 
>> pretty severely
>> cripple performance when multiple `bulk' devices are used at 
>> simultaneously,
>> sometimes to the point of making it unusable (e.g. if you want to use 
>> a better Wi-Fi
>> adapter/antenna than the one built onto the board, and connect an LTE 
>> modem so that
>> your raspi roam onto that if Wi-Fi becomes unavailable, throughput on 
>> whichever of those
>> interfaces you're actually using can become abysmal). IIRC the issue 
>> is basically
>> that the number of USB endpoints that can be assigned interrupts by 
>> the raspi controller
>> is _incredibly small_; and it's common for high-throughput devices to 
>> have multiple endpoints per device--
>> sometimes even one USB device will have more endpoints that the raspi 
>> USB controller can handle.
>> 
>> Also, `network fileserver with USB-attached hard drives' is kind of 
>> the `peak unfitness'
>> for the raspberry pi. Specifically if you've got it attached to 
>> ethernet,
>> the ethernet is attached through the same slow-ish USB bus as your 
>> HDDs.
>> 
>> (the onboard Wi-Fi BTW is SDIO; so if you avoid using the onboard 
>> Wi-Fi, I guess you might also
>> be able to make your µSD card faster...)
>> 
>> ALSO: you'll really want to use an externally-powered USB hub for USB 
>> devices
>> that are not totally trivial, because the raspi's µUSB power supply is 
>> already
>> strained... (and if you're trying to power your raspi from some random 
>> USB power supply,
>> don't. Ideally you power it through the 5V pins on the expansion 
>> header...).
>> 
>> 
>> Though there is a lot of neat stuff that can be done with a Raspberry 
>> Pi,
>> it's really easy to overestimate it.
>> 
>> But on the other hand: YMMV, and there are scenarios where the issues 
>> don't matter,
>> and might not even be noticeable. e.g., if you're dumping periodic 
>> backups to your
>> raspi asynchronously instead of (say) NFS mounting it and trying to 
>> use it interactively,
>> you might not even notice the weird bottlenecks because you're never 
>> looking at them.
>> And if you have enough of them as spares running simultaneously, you 
>> may not care
>> that every once in a while your fileystems get corrupted or your USB 
>> ports stop working
>> or whatever.
>> 
>> 
>> On 3/8/21 9:56 PM, jonhall80 at comcast.net wrote:
>>> I will suggest something and let people rip it apart:
>>> 
>>> Get two RPis that have at least USB 2.0  Attach two large capacity 
>>> disks to each one in a RAID-1 configuration (also known as 
>>> "mirroring") to keep it simple.  If one disk fails the other will 
>>> still keep working (but you should replace it as soon as possible).
>>> 
>>> Put all of your data on both systems.
>>> 
>>> Take one of your systems to a friends or relatives house who you 
>>> trust that has relatively good WiFi.  Make sure the friend is 
>>> relatively close, but is not in the same flood plain or fire area you 
>>> are.
>>> 
>>> Do an rsync every night to keep them in sync.
>>> 
>>> Help your friend/relative do the same thing, keeping a copy of their 
>>> data in your house.   If your disks are big enough you could share 
>>> systems and disks.
>>> 
>>> Use encryption as you wish.
>>> 
>>> Disk failure?   Replace the disk and the data will be replicated.
>>> Fire, theft, earthquake?   Take the replaced system over to your 
>>> friends/relatives and copy the data at high speed, then take the 
>>> copied system back to your house and start using it again.
>>> 
>>> You would need three disks to fail at relatively the same time to 
>>> lose your data.   Or an asteroid crashing that wipes out all life on 
>>> the planet.  Unlikely.
>>> 
>>> Realize that nothing is forever.
>>> 
>>> md
>>>> On 03/08/2021 7:33 PM Bruce Labitt <bdlabitt at gmail.com> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> For the second time in 3 months I have had a computer failure.  
>>>> Oddly, it was a PS on the motherboard both times.  (Two different 
>>>> MB's.)  Fortunately the disks were ok.  I'm living on borrowed time. 
>>>>  Next time, I may not be that lucky.
>>>> 
>>>> Need a file server system with some sort of RAID redundancy.  I want 
>>>> to backup 2 main computers, plus photos.  Maybe this RPI4 too, since 
>>>> that's what I'm running on, due to the second failure.  If this SSD 
>>>> goes, I'm gonna be a sad puppy.  This is for home use, so we are not 
>>>> talking Exabytes.  I'm thinking about 2-4TB of RAID.  Unless of 
>>>> course, RAID is obsolete these days.  Honestly, I find some of the 
>>>> levels of RAID confusing.  I want something that will survive a disk
>>>> failure (or two) out of the array.  Have any ideas, or can you point 
>>>> me to some place that discusses this somewhat intelligently?
>>>> 
>>>> Are there reasonable systems that one can put together oneself these 
>>>> days?  Can I repurpose an older PC for this purpose?  Or an RPI4?  
>>>> What are the gotchas of going this way?
>>>> 
>>>> I want to be able to set up a daily rsync or equivalent so we will 
>>>> lose as little as possible.  At the moment, I'm not thinking about 
>>>> surviving fire or disaster.  Maybe I should, but I suspect the costs 
>>>> balloon considerably.  I do not want to backup to the cloud because, 
>>>> plain and simple, I don't trust it to be fully secure.
>> 
>> --
>> Connect with me on the GNU social network! 
>> <https://status.hackerposse.com/rozzin>
>> Not on the network? Ask me for more info!
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> --
> Marc Nozell (marc at nozell.com) http://www.nozell.com/blog 
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